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Hydrological Balance and Water Resource Availability: 2025 Update, Seasonal Forecasts and Climate Projections
Hydrological Balance and Water Resource Availability: 2025 Update, Seasonal Forecasts and Climate Projections
Mar 24, 2026 09:00 AM — Mar 24, 2026 01:30 PM Rome, ISPRA headquarter

On the occasion of the celebration of World Water Day, ISPRA intends to present the 2025 update of the estimates of the components of the hydrological balance and the natural availability of renewable water resources provided by the BIGBANG model – GIS-Based Hydrological Balance at the National Scale on a Regular Grid. The presentation will also include assessments of the 2025 drought conditions and long-term hydro-climatic statistics.

The BIGBANG assessments at the national and river basin district scale for total precipitation, evapotranspiration, aquifer recharge, and water resource availability (the so-called “internal flow”) constitute the official national data for the WISE SoE – Water Quantity (WISE-3) data flow and for the evaluation of the Water Exploitation Index Plus (WEI+), within the framework of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, as well as for the reporting requirements of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters.

Furthermore, starting from the National Statistical Programme 2023–2025, the National Hydrological Balance indicators produced through the BIGBANG model constitute official statistics within SISTAN – the National Statistical System.

The Workshop is part of ISPRA’s national activities on hydrological characterization and will also provide an opportunity to present the new seasonal forecasting service for hydrological balance and water availability developed by the Institute within the Italian initiative for the National Collaboration Programme (NCP) of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), promoted by the ECMWF – European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, which operates the Copernicus Service on behalf of the European Union.

In addition, future estimates based on climate projections of surface runoff, aquifer recharge, and water resource availability will be presented, also with a view to assessing hydropower production.

During the morning session, application examples of the BIGBANG products will be presented, ranging from the national scale to the local scale.

In-person participation in the Workshop requires registration for the event and will be possible until the maximum number of available seats in the venue is reached.

Program

Highlight

Topics in evidence

In 2025, water resources declined compared to 2024. ISPRA monitors and updates their evolution
In 2025, water resources declined compared to 2024. ISPRA monitors and updates their evolution
Mar 22, 2026

Precipitation and water availability data

In 2025, total precipitation in Italy amounted to 963.4 mm (approximately 291 billion m³), a decrease of about 9% compared to 2024, which was a particularly rainy year. However, 2025 shows a slight increase of 2% compared to the average annual precipitation for the 1991–2020 period, the most recent climatological 30-year period, which amounts to about 285 billion m³.

In 2025, renewable water resources—defined as precipitation minus losses due to evapotranspiration—were estimated at around 128 billion m³. This represents a decrease compared to historical averages: more than 7% lower than the long-term annual average (about 138 billion m³), 4% lower than the average of the most recent climatological 30-year period, and approximately 19% lower than in 2024.

The current update of the hydrological balance therefore continues to confirm the negative trend observed from 1951 to the present, particularly with regard to the availability of renewable water resources at the national level.

This, in summary, is the overall picture emerging from the assessments produced by ISPRA through the BIGBANG model, which provides estimates of the components of the national hydrological balance, the quantitative framework of water resources, and, more generally, the hydrological situation in 2025, by analyzing trends and deviations from the long-term average values for the period 1951–2025 and the climatological 30-year period 1991–2020.

The detailed assessment will be presented on March 24 during the workshop Hydrological balance and water resource availability: 2025 update, seasonal forecasts and climate projections organized by ISPRA on the occasion of World Water Day

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Beyond drought crises: building proactive risk management in the northern Mediterranean
Beyond drought crises: building proactive risk management in the northern Mediterranean
Mar 23, 2026 — Mar 23, 2026 Webinar

On March 23, the Global Water Partnership and the UNCCD Community of Learning and Practice (CLP) for Northern Mediterranean countries organized a webinar titled “Beyond drought crises: building proactive risk management in the northern Mediterranean.”

Changing precipitation patterns and rising temperatures are accelerating the transition from meteorological drought to agricultural and hydrological drought, placing significant pressure on water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, and energy systems. Because drought develops slowly and its impacts are often difficult to detect early, responses are frequently delayed and reactive in nature

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International Day of Forests 2026
International Day of Forests 2026
Mar 21, 2026 — Mar 21, 2026

The International Day of Forests is celebrated every year on March 21 and represents an important opportunity to reflect on the vital role forests play for our planet. Established in 2012 by the United Nations General Assembly, the Day aims to highlight the essential contribution forests make—not only in providing timber and non-wood forest products (such as berries, mushrooms, resins, and more), but also in delivering key ecosystem services, including erosion control, biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and supporting the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people.

The theme for the 2026 International Day of Forests is “Forests and Economies.” Forests support livelihoods, create jobs, reduce poverty, and strengthen food systems for billions of people around the world.

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