Seas Growing Warmer: Second-Highest Temperature Ever Recorded in 2025

Above-Average Temperatures. Water Resources Remain Under Close Monitoring

Findings from the New SNPA Report The Climate in Italy in 2025

With an average annual sea surface temperature of 20°C and peaks exceeding 26°C in July (26.64°C) and August (26.48°C), 2025 recorded temperatures 1.18°C above the 1991–2020 climate reference period, making it the second warmest year since 1982 for Italian seas. At the same time, more frequent rainfall in northern Italy improved water availability, with precipitation 7% above average, while central Italy remained close to the long-term average and southern Italy experienced a 5% decrease in rainfall. These findings highlight the growing need to continue implementing both climate mitigation and adaptation measures.

These are among the key findings of the report The Climate in Italy in 2025, published by the National System for Environmental Protection (SNPA), which comprises ISPRA and the Regional and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (ARPA/APPA). The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the climate and its evolution across Italy, offering analyses at the national, regional, and local levels. It also includes in-depth examinations of the most significant climate events that occurred during the year.

Since 2000, Italy has recorded above-average air temperatures in almost every year, and 2025 continues this trend, with an average temperature anomaly of +1.03°C relative to the 1991–2020 climatological baseline. All months except October and November were warmer than average. June, with a temperature anomaly of +3.23°C, was the second warmest June on record after 2003. All four seasons also recorded above-average temperatures. In particular, summer, with an anomaly of +1.46°C, ranked as the fourth warmest since 1961. Winter (+1.21°C) and spring (+0.86°C) were also among the warmest on record, while autumn showed a more moderate increase of +0.16°C.