Acronimi e Bibliografia
Acronimi:
AANP Altre Aree Naturali Protette
AB Tot totale superfici percorse da incendio
AB For superfici forestali percorse da incendio
BA-ITE Burnt Area in Italian Terrestrial Ecosystem
CLC Corine Land Cover
CSA Centro operativo di Sorveglianza Ambientale
CUFAA Comando Unità Forestali, Ambientali e Agroalimentari
ECM-F4 Ecosystems Classification Model - Forest4
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EMS Emergency Management Services
EOS Earth Observing System
UE Unione Europea
EUAP Elenco Ufficiale Aree naturali Protette
EUNIS European Nature Information System
GIS Global Information System
HLR High Layer Resolution Land Monitoring Service Copernicus
JPSS Joint Polar Satellite System
JRC Joint Research Center
MASE Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Sicurezza Energetica
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MSI MultiSpectral Instrument
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NIAB Nucleo Informativo Anticendio Boschivo
NBR Normalised Burn Ratio
NIAB Nucleo Informativo Antincendio Boschivo
NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NIR Near InfraRed
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
RN2000 Rete Natura 2000
PN Parchi Nazionali
PNR Parchi Naturali Regionali
Ramsar Convenzione di Ramsar sulle zone umide di importanza internazionale
RN2000 Rete Natura 2000 definita ai sensi della Direttiva Habitat 92/43/CE e alla Direttiva Uccelli 2009/147/CE
RNR Riserve Naturali Regionali
RNS Riserve Naturali Statali
SPI Standardized Precipitation Index
SWIR Short-Wave InfraRed
T1 classe ECM-F4 latifoglie decidue
T2 classe ECM-F4 latifoglie sempreverdi
T3 classe ECM-F4 aghifoglie sempreverdi
T34 classe ECM-F4 aghifoglie decidue
TNC classe ECM-F$ forestale non classificata
VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
ZPS Zona Protezione Speciale
ZSC Zona Speciale di Conservazione
Bibliografia:
Camia, T. Durrant, and J. San-Miguel-Ayanz. The European fire database technical specifications and data submission. JRC Science and policy Report ISSN 1831-9424, JRC, 2014.
Dimitrakopoulos and A. Bemmerzouk. Predicting live herbaceous moisture content from a seasonal drought index. Int J Biometeorol., 47(2):73–79, 2003.
P. Williams, J. T. Abatzoglou, A. Gershunov, J. Guzman-Morales, D. A. Bishop., J. K. Balch, and D. P. Lettenmaier. Observed impacts of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire in California. Earth’s Future, 7(8):892–910, 2019.
Gouveia, C. DaCamara, and R. Trigo. Post-fire vegetation recovery in Portugal based on spot/vegetation data. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10(4):673–684, 2010.
H. Key and N. C. Benson. Landscape assessment (la). In: Lutes, Duncan C.; Keane, Robert E.; Caratti, John F.; Key, Carl H.; Benson, Nathan C.; Sutherland, Steve; Gangi, Larry J. 2006. FIREMON: Fire effects monitoring and inventory system. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-164-CD. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. LA-1-55, 164, 2006.
H. Key and N. C. Benson. Measuring and remote sensing of burn severity: the cbi and nbr. volume 2 of Proceedings Joint Fire Science Conference and Workshop. University of Idaho and International Association of Wildland Fire, 1999.
M. J. S. Bowman, J. K. Balch, P. Artaxo, W. J. Bond, J. M. Carlson, M. A. Cochrane, C. M. D’Antonio, R. S. DeFries, and J. C. Doyle. Fire in the earth system. Science, (324):481–484, 2009.
Agrillo, F. Filipponi, R. Inghilesi, A. Mercatini, and A. Pezzarossa. Monitoraggio dei cambiamenti degli ecosistemi forestali in Italia. Technical report, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, 2022.
Pastor, J. A. Muñoz, D. Caballero, A. Àgueda, F. Dalmau, and E. Planas. Wildland–urban interface fires in Spain: summary of the policy framework and recommendations for improvement. Fire technology, 56(5):1831–1851, 2020.
Planas, R. Paugam, A. Àgueda, P. Vacca, and E. Pastor. Fires at the wildland-industrial interface. Is there an emerging problem? Fire safety journal, 141:103906, 2023.
EFFIS (2025). Burnt Areas database.
Bolouk Heidari and R. Arfania. Wildfire susceptibility mapping using nbr index and frequency ratio model. Geoconservation Research, 5(1):240–260, 2022.
O. D. Jacome, D. D. Rigo, H. Pfeiffer, A. B. A, D. Ferrari, R. Grecchi, T. A. Vivancos, T. Durrant, R. B. R,P. Maianti, G. Liberta’, and J. San-Miguel-Ayanz. Pan-European wildfire risk assessment. Technical Report KJ-NA-31160-EN-N (online),KJ-NA-31160-EN-C (print), Luxembourg (Luxembourg), 2022.
Sedano, P. Maianti, R. Boca, M. Suarez-Moreno, M. Broglia, R. De, E. Roglia, A. Branco, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, T. Durrant, et al. Advance report on forest fires in Europe, middle east and north Africa 2025. Technical report, JRC, 2026.
Forzieri, M. Girardello, G. Ceccherini, J. Spinoni, L. Feyen, H. Hartmann, P. S. Beck, G. Camps-Valls, G. Chirici, A. Mauri, et al. Emergent vulnerability to climate-driven disturbances in European forests. Nature communications, 12(1):1081, 2021.
Pellizzaro, C. Cesaraccio, P. Duce, A. Ventura, and P. Zara. Relationships between seasonal patterns of live fuel moisture and meteorological drought indices for mediterranean shrubland species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 16:232–241, 2007.
ISPRA (2024). Ecosystems Classification Model - Forest4.
ISPRA (2025). Bollettino Siccità.
ISPRA (2025). Burnt Area in Italian Terrestrial Ecosystem database.
ISPRA (2025). Ecosistemi ed incendi boschivi in Italia.
A. Sobrino, R. Llorens, C. Fernández, J. M. Fernández-Alonso, and J. A. Vega. Relationship between soil burn severity in forest fires measured in situ and through spectral indices of remote detection. Forests, 10(5):457, 2019.
P. Kimmins. Forest ecology. Fishes and forestry: Worldwide watershed interactions and management, pages 17–43, 2004.
San-Miguel-Ayanz and et al. Advance report on forest fires in Europe, middle east and north Africa 2023. JRC Technical Report JRC139704, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2024.
San-Miguel-Ayanz, T. Durrant, R. Boca, P. Maianti, G. Liberta, D. Oom, A. Branco, R. De, D. Ferrari, E. Roglia, et al. Advance report on forest fires in Europe, middle east and north Africa 2022. Technical report, JRC, 2023.
J.-l. Dupuy, H. Fargeon, N. Martin-StPaul, F. Pimont, J. Ruffault, M. Guijarro, C. Hernando, J. Madrigal, and P. Fernandes. Climate change impact on future wildfire danger and activity in southern europe: a review. Annals of Forest Science, 77:1–24, 2020.
JRC (2025) Current drought situation in Europe.
J. Haynes, A. J. Allstadt, and D. Klimetzek. Forest defoliator outbreaks under climate change: effects on the frequency and severity of outbreaks of five pine insect pests. Global Change Biology, 20(6):2004–2018, 2014.
P. Hoinka, A. Carvalho, and A. I. Miranda. Regional-scale weather patterns and wildland fires in central portugal. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18:36–49, 2009.
Roekaerts. The biogeographical regions map of Europe. Basic principles of its creation and overview of its development, 17, 2002.
W. Jones, D. I. Kelley, C. A. Burton, F. Di Giuseppe, M. L. F. Barbosa, E. Brambleby, A. J. Hartley, A. Lombardi, G. Mataveli, J. R. McNorton, et al. State of wildfires 2023–2024. Earth System Science Data, 16(8):3601–3685, 2024.
C. Santana, O. A. de Carvalho Júnior, R. A. T. Gomes, and R. F. Guimarães. Burned-area detection in amazonian environments using standardized time series per pixel in Modis data. Remote Sensing,10(12):1904, 2018.
Canelles, N. Aquilué, P. M. James, J. Lawler, and L. Brotons. Global review on interactions between insect pests and other forest disturbances. Landscape Ecology, 36:945–972, 2021.
J. Whelan, editor. The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Tiengo, S. Merino-De-Miguel, J. Uchôa, N. Guiomar, and A. Gil. Burned areas mapping using sentinel-2 data and a rao’s q index-based change detection approach: A case study in three mediterranean islands’ wildfires (2019–2022). Remote Sensing, 17(5):830, 2025.
J. Pyne, P. L. Andrews, and R. D. Laven. Introduction to Wildland Fire. Wiley, second edition, 1996.
Modugno, H. Balzter, B. Cole, and P. Borrelli. Mapping regional patterns of large forest fires in wildland–urban interface areas in europe. Journal of environmental management, 172:112–126, 2016.
PIGNATTI. I boschi d’Italia, sinecologia e fitosociologia. Scienze forestali e ambientali, UTET, 1998.
C. Radeloff, R. B. Hammer, S. I. Stewart, J. S. Fried, S. S. Holcomb, and J. F. McKeefry. The wildland–urban interface in the united states. Ecological applications, 15(3):799–805, 2005.
Kharuk and O. Antamoshkina. Impact of silkmoth outbreak on taiga wildfires. Contemporary problems of ecology, 10:556–562, 2017.
Steffen, K. Richardson, J. Rockström, S. E. Cornell, I. Fetzer, E. M. Bennett, R. Biggs, S. R. Carpenter, W. De Vries, C. A. De Wit, et al. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223):1259855, 2015.
Guo, J. Wang, Y. Ge, and C. Zhou. Global expansion of wildland-urban interface intensifies human exposure to wildfire risk in the 21st century. Science Advances, 10(45):eado9587, 2024.